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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
探访京广高铁的通信战士：“飞天遁地”护航高铁“贴地飞翔”******
(新春走基层)探访京广高铁的通信战士：“飞天遁地”护航高铁“贴地飞翔”
中新网长沙1月18日电 题：探访京广高铁的通信战士：“飞天遁地”护航高铁“贴地飞翔”
作者 鲁毅 王极 刘海燕
1月17日上午9时，在湖南长沙喧闹市区的一角，身高一米八三的大个子杨帅正蜷缩在一处光缆井下，使用专用仪器对高铁光缆进行巡检。
杨帅是中国铁路广州局集团有限公司长沙电务段的一名“95后”高铁通信工，他所在的长沙南通信集中修工区主要负责京广高铁335千米通信设备的检修与养护。因其工区作业内容涉及无线通信、有线通信，作业环境覆盖高铁桥梁、隧道、铁塔、光缆井下等因素，他们被称为通信“全能战士”。
铁路通信设备作为连接铁路运输行业各个系统间有序运行的“神经网络”，涉及的设备数量庞大、类型繁多。只要有火车经过的地方，就一定会有铁路通信网络的覆盖。
“通信光缆是高铁行车调度指挥、电子客票以及旅客服务等重要工作的数据传输通道，为全国铁路信息通信互联互通提供保障。”杨帅说，如果巡检不到位、排患不彻底，一旦发生光缆中断，旅客将无法刷票进站乘车，高铁司机无法接收到调度命令和径路预告，甚至出现高铁大面积晚点或停运。
在通信工的日常工作中，作业环境“脏乱小”，当属遍布在市内各个区域和高铁站区域附近的井下光缆巡检。
“说它‘脏’，是因井下常年有污泥和积水；说它‘乱’，是因井下光缆涉及移动、联通、电信以及国防，盘根错节、相互交织；说它‘小’，是因作业空间非常狭小，每次仅能容纳一人作业，且作业人员下井后几乎无法正常转身。”杨帅说。
通信工借助各类仪器巡检高铁通信设备。 王极 摄春运期间，大个子杨帅要经常进入直径仅有60厘米的光缆井下，蜷着身体检查光缆是否损伤。
“像这样的光缆井，我们车间管内多达300多个，井下光缆构建成铁路通信网络，为高铁运行提供专用的通信网络信号。”长沙电务段长沙南高铁通信车间主任陈林成说，井下巡检虽不是高超的技术活儿，但至关重要，是通信集中修工区幕后保障高铁运行秩序的一个缩影。
11时，井下光缆巡检完毕。杨帅与工友们收拾着工机具，驱车赶往长沙南站附近的一处铁塔进行作业。
春运期间，他们的巡检作业更频繁了，要么翻山越岭深入荒野山坡，对无线信号干扰进行排查；要么攀爬登上50米高的通信铁塔检查馈缆和天线；要么乘汽车再转步行进入高铁隧道内，对直放站进行检修；要么在出现光缆中断时，迅速应急处置对细如发丝的光纤进行接续······
这群“全能战士”的作业地点有空中的、有地面的、有地下的，既能拿着洋镐、撬棍干“粗活儿”，又能干使用光时域反射仪、熔接机干“细活儿”，还能操作频谱分析仪、八木天线干“累活儿”，他们“飞天遁地”各展所长，全方位护航高铁“贴地飞翔”，守护旅客安全、正点抵达。(完)
（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎） [责编：天天中] 阅读剩余全文（）  视觉焦点
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